#Density of glass pdf
#Density of glass free

Once they end up in aquatic environments, microplastics eventually accumulate in/on the surface water, shores/beaches, and in the sediments of benthic environments ( Hidalgo-Ruz & Thiel, 2013 Van Cauwenberghe et al., 2013 Law & Thompson, 2014 Van Sebille et al., 2015).

#Density of glass free

Microplastics, small pieces of plastic ranging from five mm in size down to microscopic, are ubiquitously distributed particulate contaminants that have been to-date detected in various environmental samples, including freshwater lakes and rivers ( Eriksen et al., 2013 Free et al., 2014 Gasperi et al., 2014 Biginagwa et al., 2016), seas and oceans, including the deep-sea and the polar regions ( Lusher et al., 2014 Shim & Thomposon, 2015 Bergmann et al., 2017 Matsuguma et al., 2017 Wang et al., 2019). Also, microplastics collected with this glass-made device remain chemically uncontaminated, and can, therefore, be used for further analysis of adsorbing contaminants and additives on/to microplastics. Overall, the device is efficient for various sizes, polymer types, and sediment types. With this simple device, we recovered 94–98% of <1,000 µm microplastics (polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, and polystyrene). This new device is easy to clean and portable, yet enables rapid separation of microplastics from sediments. We have developed a small glass separator, without a valve, taking a hint from an Utermöhl chamber. In evaluating existing microplastic extraction methods using density separation, we identified the need for a device that allows rapid, simple, and efficient extraction of microplastics from a range of sediment types. However, current devices/apparatus used for density separation, including glass beakers, funnels, upside-down funnel-shaped separators with a shut-off valve, etc., possess various shortcomings in terms of recovery rate, time consumption, and/or usability. Density separation is commonly used to extract microplastics from sediments by using heavy salt solutions, such as zinc chloride and sodium iodide. Separating microplastics from marine and freshwater sediments is challenging, but necessary to determine their distribution, mass, and ecological impacts in benthic environments.

A new small device made of glass for separating microplastics from marine and freshwater sediments. Cite this article Nakajima R, Tsuchiya M, Lindsay DJ, Kitahashi T, Fujikura K, Fukushima T. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. Licence This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed.

#Density of glass pdf

This document is available in either Paper or PDF format.Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan DOI 10.7717/peerj.7915 Published Accepted Received Academic Editor Melanie Kah Subject Areas Environmental Contamination and Remediation, Environmental Impacts Keywords Microplastics, Sediment, Isolation, Glass, Portable, Easy Copyright © 2019 Nakajima et al. Keywordsīuoyancy methods Density-glass Glass density of glass by buoyancy, test To find similar documents by ASTM Volume:ġ5.02 (Glass Ceramic Whitewares) To find similar documents by classification:ġ7.060 (Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity Including measuring instruments Volumetric measurements of petroleum products and natural gas, see 75.180.30)Ĩ1.040.30 (Glass products Bottles, pots, jars, see 55.100 Laboratory glassware, see 71.040.20) This document comes with our free Notification Service, good for the life of the document. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of glasses at or near 25☌, by buoyancy.ġ.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use.